From Akbar to Aurangzeb: Administrative Reforms and Economic Policies

Dr. Sushma Kumari Singh

Vol. 14, Jul-Dec 2022

Abstract:

The history of the Mughal Empire from Akbar to Aurangzeb is significant from an administrative and economic perspective. Akbar’s reign is known as the golden age of the Mughal Empire, where he established a well-organized administrative framework while centralizing power. His Sulh-e-Kul (peace for all) policy promoted religious tolerance, fostering peace and cooperation among different communities. Through reforms in trade, agriculture, and the arts, Akbar ensured the empire’s economic prosperity. His policies organized a multicultural and multi-religious society, maintaining social and cultural stability across the empire. In contrast, Aurangzeb’s reign represented a strict, religious approach. He implemented rigid Islamic policies, including reintroducing the Jizya tax and destroying temples, leading to discontent and social division within the empire. His goal was to establish an Islamic state, but this approach harmed the empire's diversity and spirit of tolerance. Aurangzeb’s southern campaigns added economic pressure, and military expenditures placed a heavy burden on the empire’s treasury. Consequently, his policies contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire.

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